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Grapevine Fanleaf Virus
(GFLV)
Because of its worldwide spread and high economic impact, GFLV is the most
important virus affecting grapevine. All cultivars and hybrids can be hosts
for GFLV.
The infection can cause either fast decline and death of the plant or a
longer disease with reduced growth. The symptoms vary with the viral strain and
the susceptability of the grapevine cultivar. Shoots develop shortened internodes,
doubled nodes, Z-shapes and abnormous forking. Leaves are asymmetrical and
develop different discolorations. Bunches are reduced in size and number,
the grapes remain small and may fall before ripening.
The virus is transmitted by the nematodes Xiphinema index and
Xiphinema italiae. Therefore, infected plants are often found in circular
areas in the vineyards. Long-distance spread may happen by transport of
infected plants and rootstocks.
Worldwide, GFLV causes high economical losses. Besides strict testing of
propagation material, newest trends force the breeding of resistant cultivars,
as an efficient control of the vector is practically impossible.
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